Functional Group Overview Continued -

Specific Examples

1. Alkanes : General Formula C_nH_2n+2

Examples:

CH₄	CH₃CH₃
methane	ethane	propane	octane

Write the structure of decane:

2. Cycloalkanes: General Formula C_nH_2n

Examples


cyclopropane	cyclopentane	cycloheptane

What is the name of the following compound?

3. Alkenes: General Formula C_nH_2n

Examples:


ethene(ethylene)	2-butene	1-decene

Write the structure of 2-pentene.

4. Alkynes: General Formula C_nH_2n-2

Examples:

Ethyne

(acetylene)

3-hexyne

2-decyne

What is the name of the following compound?

5.Aromatics:

Examples


benzene	napthalene	anthracene

pyridine

6. Haloalkanes (alkyl halides):

Examples:

Chloroethane

1^o

2-bromopentane

2^o

3-iodo-3methylundecane

3^o

The order of a haloalkane and an alcohol has to do with the number of carbons directly attached to the carbon bearing the heteroatom. If that carbon has three carbons the haloalkane (or alcohol) is 3^o or tertiary , if it has two carbons it is 2^o or secondary , etc. It is noteworthy that carbons in alkanes can be designated similarly. There is even a designation 4^o or quaternary for a carbon bearing four directly attached carbons. These designations are useful when communicating specific information about regions of the molecules. There is also a variation in reactivity that relates to order.

7. Alcohols

Examples:

CH₃OH	CH₃CH₂OH		?
methanol	ethanol	2-propanol	3-methyl-3-pentanol
0^o	1^o	2^o	3^o

8. Amines

Examples:

?		?
ethylamine	dipropylamine	trimethylamine

9. Ethers:

Examples:

CH₃OCH₃	?
dimethyl ether	diethyl ether	ethylpropyl ether

Since nitrogen is a central atom, the order of the amine is defined by the number of carbons directly attached to the nitrogen. What is the order of each the above amines?

10. Aldehydes

Examples: